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</html>";s:4:"text";s:30705:"There is little doubt that a Mycenaean megaron palace stood upon the hill during the late Bronze Age. Acropolis definition, the citadel or high fortified area of an ancient Greek city. The Acropolis of Athens has two entrances which you may use to enter the site; The main Acropolis entrance which is in the west. There, a new robe of woven wool (peplos) was placed on either the statue of Athena Polias in the Erechtheum (during the annual Lesser Panathenaea) or on the statue of Athena Parthenos in the Parthenon (during the Great Panathenaea, held every four years).[47]. Being at the heart of Athens, the site of the Acropolis is thankfully incredibly easy to access by car, public transportation, or on foot from the city center. All rights reserved. The Older Parthenon was still under construction when the Persians invaded and sacked the city in 480 BC. The Acropolis of Athens is an ancient citadel located on a rocky outcrop above the city of Athens and contains the remains of several ancient buildings of great architectural and historic significance, the most famous being the Parthenon. [16] [34] During 161 AD, on the South slope, the Roman Herodes Atticus built his grand amphitheatre or Odeon. A thick blanket of snow covered Greece's ancient Acropolis on Tuesday as a cold spell swept through Athens, cutting power cables, disrupting travel and halting COVID-19 vaccinations. This fissure extended some 35 meters to a bed of soft marl in which a well was dug. These were rededicated during the early Roman Empire to Augustus or Claudius (uncertain), and Agrippa, respectively. Phidias, an Athenian sculptor, and Ictinus and Callicrates, two famous architects, were responsible for the reconstruction. A few hundred metres away, there is the now partially reconstructed Odeon of Herodes Atticus. Food lovers should indulge in eating their way through Athens during an unforgettable gastronomic tour of local most popular eateries and tavernas. You want your exploration of the Acropolis to be a fun, memorable and comfortable experience, not an exhausting obligation! After an interruption caused by the Peloponnesian War, the temple was finished during the time of Nicias' peace, between 421 BC and 409 BC. Take your time on the hill. [20], During 437 BC, Mnesicles started building the Propylaea, a monumental gate at the western end of the Acropolis with Doric columns of Pentelic marble, built partly upon the old propylaea of Peisistratos. [46], Every four years, the Athenians had a festival called the Great Panathenaea that rivaled the Olympic Games in popularity. Construction of the Propylaia occurred from 427 to 432 BC. [44] Restoration of the Temple of Athena Nike was completed in 2010. An 'acropolis' is any citadel or complex built on a high hill. Get in touch with our travel specialists and design the trip of your dreams! This is a once in a lifetime experience and you don’t want to rush it. In Greek, Acropolis means "Highest City". East of the entrance and north of the Parthenon is the temple known as the Erechtheum. While the earliest artifacts date to the Middle Neolithic era, there have been documented habitations in Attica from the Early Neolithic period (6th millennium BC). History buffs can spend half day on a tour of Acropolis and the city with 2,500 years of history, or popular Mythology Tour of Acropolis, Acropolis Museum & Temple of Zeus. [5] Soon after the palace was constructed, a Cyclopean massive circuit wall was built, 760 meters long, up to 10 meters high, and ranging from 3.5 to 6 meters thick. The Acropolis was besieged thrice during the Greek War of Independence (two sieges from the Greeks in 1821–1822 and one from the Ottomans in 1826–1827. [15], Around 500 BC the Hekatompedon was dismantled to make place for a new grander building, the "Older Parthenon" (often referred to as the Pre-Parthenon, "early Parthenon"). A model of the Athenian acropolis in the 5th century BCE. A brief history of the Athenian Acropolis from 3500 BCE to 2010 AD, through 3d reconstructions.Many of the dates shown are always open to debate. There were two lesser approaches up the hill on its north side, consisting of steep, narrow flights of steps cut in the rock. This instability can cause rock slides that cause damage to the historic site. However, after the victorious Battle of Marathon in 490 BC, the plan was revised and marble was used instead. This "Persian debris" was the richest archaeological deposit excavated on the Acropolis by 1890. [1] Although the term acropolis is generic and there are many other acropoleis in Greece, the significance of the Acropolis of Athens is such that it is commonly known as "The Acropolis" without qualification. The building was burned and looted, along with the Ancient Temple and practically everything else on the rock. Although most depictions of the goddess Athena Nike showed her having wings - as most representations of Victory deities in, On the right-hand side, the absolute architectural masterpiece of antiquity is erected: the, It is the literal representation of the golden ratio, as everything in the Parthenon is built in the mathematically perfect analogy of about 1.61. People above the age of 65 from countries within the European Union. In fact, it would be remiss not to pay your respects to the UNESCO World Heritage Site when there. [21] These colonnades were almost finished during 432 BC and had two wings, the northern one decorated with paintings by Polygnotus. The Athenian acropolis, located on a craggy, walled hill, was built as a home of Athena, the patron goddess of the city. The roof and floor of the Propylaea were partly restored, with sections of the roof made of new marble and decorated with blue and gold inserts, as in the original. The Acropolis museum remains open until 10:00pm on Fridays. [44], The Parthenon colonnades, largely destroyed by Venetian bombardment during the 17th century, were restored, with many wrongly assembled columns now properly placed. These tours pick you up and drop you off at your hotel and include all entrance fees. The world calls it the Athenian Acropolis! We know it sounds odd, but excitement and speed can make the whole visit seem like a blur afterward. Built on the western side of the hill, the Propylaia (sometimes Propylaea) served as the gate to the Acropolis. Pericles appointed his friend Phidias as the supervisor and lead architect of this massive project, which Pericles allegedly financed with funds appropriated from the treasury of the Delian League. The side Acropolis entrance which is in the South East. See more. Antiquity’s high holy placeHarrison Eiteljorg, II’s article “Antiquity’s High Holy Place: The Athenian Acropolis” was originally published in the November/December 2004 issue of Archaeology Odyssey. (n.d.). [13], Between 529–520 BC yet another temple was built by the Peisistratids, the Old Temple of Athena, usually referred to as the Arkhaios Neōs (ἀρχαῖος νεώς, "ancient temple"). What is also interesting, is that Parthenon's structure lines are barely vertical, as its designers took into consideration optical illusions and used curved lines to present a sight perfect to the human eye. Most of the major temples, including the Parthenon, were rebuilt by order of Pericles during the so-called Golden Age of Athens (460–430 BC). The base was 1.50 m (4 ft 11 in) high, while the total height of the statue was 9 m (30 ft). Greece’s Acropolis Museum has opened an excavation area under its modern-day building. The central building controlled access to the Acropolis, which was incredibly important religiously and governmentally. Unusually, the temple has two porches, one on the northwest corner borne by Ionic columns, the other, to the southwest, supported by huge female figures or Caryatids. At the centre of the Acropolis is the Parthenon or Temple of Athena Parthenos (Athena the Virgin). You can either walk a few minutes from, If you plan on visiting the archaeological site of the Acropolis, we suggest you take the time to check up-to-date information about opening hours and ticket prices at the, Heading towards the entrance, stand on the staircase for a moment to relish the Athena Nike Temple perched on the right wing of Propylaea. The entrance, facing east, is lined with six Ionic columns. "Deconstructing the Acropolis: The Acropolis Museum, Athens, opened 20 June 2009 by Bernard Tschumi Architects. Explore the sacred rock at your pace, taking in everything before you; you don’t want to return to the hotel and have no recollection of any of its monuments. A single-use Acropolis ticket will grant you access to the Acropolis, including the Erechtheion & Parthenon among the different monuments at the top as well as the North & South Slopes. In 485 BC, construction stalled to save resources as Xerxes became king of Persia and war seemed imminent. BAS Library Members can read every article ever published in AO online.In 480 B.C.E. It’s right up there with the Sphinx in Egypt, the Eiffel Tower in Paris, and the Washington … [42], All the valuable ancient artifacts are situated in the Acropolis Museum, which resides on the southern slope of the same rock, 280 metres from the Parthenon. Wear comfortable clothes and shoes, and make sure to dress in layers. [23], Construction of the elegant temple of Erechtheion in Pentelic marble (421–406 BC) was in accordance with a complex plan which took account of the extremely uneven ground and the need to circumvent several shrines in the area. The Acropolis Museum, one of the most important museums in the world, houses the findings of only one archaeological site, the Athenian Acropolis and its slopes. After independence, most features that dated from the Byzantine, Frankish and Ottoman periods were cleared from the site in an attempt to restore the monument to its original form, "cleansed" of all later additions. Carry with you as little as possible; everything feels like it weighs a hundred pounds when you carry it up a lofty hill under direct sunlight. [30] Monuments to foreign kings were erected, notably those of the Attalid kings of Pergamon Attalos II (in front of the NW corner of the Parthenon), and Eumenes II, in front of the Propylaia. The Greek flag which is situated on what was a belvedere tower during the medieval period of the Acropolis, is more than just the best vantage point for photographs across Athens. Posted on 31/01/2012 by Aris Giannakakis. Why Athens tip. This wall would serve as the main defense for the acropolis until the 5th century. One of the most beautiful buildings of the Acropolis … [11] Nevertheless, it seems that a nine-gate wall, the Enneapylon,[12] had been built around the acropolis hill and incorporating the biggest water spring, the Clepsydra, at the northwestern foot. acropolis, built during the second half of the 5th century bc. Little is known about the original plan of the interior which was destroyed by fire during the first century BC and has been rebuilt several times. The most recognizably “Greek” structure is the temple (even though the architecture of Greek temples is actually quite diverse). Every first Sunday from November 1st to March 31st. The Acropolis limestone dates from the upper Jurassic period, predating the underlying Athens schist by about 30 million years. Various measures have been implemented to protect the site including retaining walls, drainage systems and rock bolts. It is both a physical location, standing on a rocky outcrop above the city, and a locus for the expression of religious and civic identity. The metro stations that are the closest to the site are the following: Metro Station ‘Acropolis’, from which you can then walk up Dionysiou Areopagitou street to reach it. Comprising uneven cobblestone streets and broken curbs, the Greek Ministry of Culture and Sports announced today that they will “improve the visiting conditions of the monuments at the … Archaic Acropolis. Arkhaios Neōs was destroyed as part of the Achaemenid destruction of Athens during the Second Persian invasion of Greece during 480–479 BC; however, the temple was probably reconstructed during 454 BC, since the treasury of the Delian League was transferred in its opisthodomos. Nothing of this megaron survives except, probably, a single limestone column-base and pieces of several sandstone steps. The masterpieces that form its collection offer a comprehensive overview of the character and historical course of the site that became a global landmark of both the ancient and the modern world. It is no question that visiting the Acropolis in Athens is one of the premier things to do when visiting Greece’s capital city. acro-. To ensure that you have a great browsing experience, our website uses cookies. With an expert guide, discover the UNESCO-listed archaeological site and visit world-famous monuments including the Parthenon, Propylaea gateway and the Temple of Athena Nike. Copyright Greeking.me. Acropolis & Acropolis Museum Tour inspired by Percy Jackson, Best of Athens in One Day: Acropolis & City Tour with Transfer, SIGHTSEEING, FAMILY TRAVEL, LOCAL EXPERIENCE, Private Mythology Tour of Acropolis and Acropolis Museum, ©2021. It can get incredibly hot or a bit chilly depending on the time of your visit. Express yourself whole-heartedly in Greek Plan your visit to the Acropolis as early as you can to escape the large crowds and the intense heat, especially during the summer months. The Acropolis limestone was thrust over the Athens schist by compressional tectonic forces (Plate tectonics), forming a nappe or overthrust sheet. Please keep in mind that, for security reasons, you can’t enter the site with large luggage, but only with small backpacks and handbags. Whether this temple replaced an older one, or just a sacred precinct or altar, is not known. [38], After the Ottoman conquest of Greece, the Parthenon was used as the garrison headquarters of the Turkish army,[39] and the Erechtheum was turned into the governor's private harem. Delve into the fascinating world of Ancient Greece on a 3-hour walking tour of the Acropolis of Athens and the New Acropolis Museum. [45], A total of 2,675 tons of architectural members were restored, with 686 stones reassembled from fragments of the originals, 905 patched with new marble, and 186 parts made entirely of new marble. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Nicholas Reeves and Dyfri Williams, "The Parthenon in Ruins", "The springs and fountains of the Acropolis hill", Fani Mallouchou-Tufano, "The Restoration of the Athenian Acropolis", "2010–2011, The progress of restoration on the Acropolis", "Acropolis Restoration Project-Lecture by Maria Ioannidou, Director, Acropolis Restoration Service", The Acropolis Museum and the Goddess Athena, UNESCO World Heritage Centre — Acropolis, Athens, Tour of Acropolis of Athens, Site of the Parthenon-About.com, Timelapse video of Acropolis during Earth Hour 2010, Athens, Greece: Ancient Acropolis and Agora, Three dimensional reconstruction of ancient Acropolis, Museum of the Center for the Acropolis Studies, Paleochristian and Byzantine monuments of Thessaloniki, Remains of the Acharnian Road, Acharnian Gate and Cemetery Site, House of Saint Philothei/Benizelos-Palaiologos mansion, Cathedral Basilica of St. Dionysius the Areopagite, Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acropolis_of_Athens&oldid=1006994350, Buildings and structures completed in the 5th century BC, Articles with Greek-language sources (el), Articles with German-language sources (de), Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Cohen, Beth. During ancient times it was known also more properly as Cecropia, after the legendary serpent-man, Cecrops, the supposed first Athenian king. During the 7th and the 6th centuries BC, the site was controlled by Kylon during the failed Kylonian revolt,[10] and twice by Peisistratos; each of these were attempts directed at seizing political power by coups d'état. The Athenian Acropolis was a citadel due to its high positioning on the hill. This is a guide covering the essential things you need to know before going to the Acropolis, from Acropolis ticket prices to opening hours and … In 499 BCE Athens participated in the defense of the Ionian colonies in Asia Minor against the Persian Empire, and were among those who sacked Sardis, ensuring thus certain retaliation by the great Asian empire. [32], During the Julio-Claudian period, the Temple of Rome and Augustus, a small, round edifice, about 23 meters from the Parthenon, was to be the last significant ancient construction on the summit of the rock. When you think of Greece you think of the Acropolis, even though you may not know it what it’s called. The name derives from the Greek akro, high or extreme/extremity or edge, and polis, city, translated as 'high city', 'city on the edge' or 'city in the air', the most famous being the Acropolis of Athens, Greece, built in the 5th century BCE.Though the word is Greek in origin, it has come to designate any such … Acropolis Information: The Acropolis is open from 8am to … In order to accommodate the new temple, the south part of the summit was cleared, made level by adding some 8,000 two-ton blocks of limestone, a foundation 11 m (36 ft) deep at some points, and the rest was filled with soil kept in place by the retaining wall. During the 7th c. BCE monumental sculpture and architecture began its development in mainland through a number of building projects in the Acropolis of Athens, at cape Sounion in the southern tip of Attica and in other sanctuaries around Greece. The Acropolis is located on a flattish-topped rock that rises 150 m (490 ft) above sea level in the city of Athens, with a surface area of about 3 hectares (7.4 acres). [26] Between the temple of Athena Nike and the Parthenon, there was the Sanctuary of Artemis Brauronia (or the Brauroneion), the goddess represented as a bear and worshipped in the deme of Brauron. Not much is known about the architectural appearance of the Acropolis until the Archaic era. This temple of Athena Polias was built upon the Dörpfeld foundations,[14] between the Erechtheion and the still-standing Parthenon. It was destroyed by the invading Herulians a century later but was reconstructed during the 1950s. Additionally, make sure that your shoes are not only comfortable but also slip-resistant, as there are parts of the site that are very slippery due to the thousand-years old rocks and marble that decorate its ground. For this reason, Athenians decided to stop the construction of the Olympieion temple which was connoted with the tyrant Peisistratos and his sons and, instead, used the Piraeus limestone destined for the Olympieion to build the Older Parthenon. The eastern part of the temple was dedicated to Athena Polias, while the western part, serving the cult of the archaic king Poseidon-Erechtheus, housed the altars of Hephaestus and Voutos, brother of Erechtheus. [29], During the Hellenistic and Roman periods, many of the existing buildings in the area of the Acropolis were repaired, due to damage from age, and occasionally, war. Whereas, a combo ticket will grant you access to the Acropolis & 6 other archaeological sites in Athens, each of them once for a period of five days. [8] An elaborate set of stairs was built and the well served as an invaluable, protected source of drinking water during times of siege for some portion of the Mycenaean period.[9]. The Parthenon, which was being used as a gunpowder magazine, was hit by artillery shot and damaged severely.[40]. According to Plutarch, the Propylaea … The Athens Full Day Tour includes the Acropolis, the Acropolis Museum, a trip to the Temple of Poseidon at Cape Sounion and lunch. Statuary, cult objects, religious offerings and unsalvageable architectural members were buried ceremoniously in several deeply dug pits on the hill, serving conveniently as a fill for the artificial plateau created around the classic Parthenon. Travel & Tour Operator License: 0261Ε60000560101, You can easily access the archaeological site of Acropolis, as it is located in the city center. The south wing … The limestone that The Acropolis is built upon is unstable because of the erosion and tectonic shifts that the region is prone to. The events of the late 6th c. BCE aided in the transition of Athens into t… [31] Eumenes was also responsible for constructing a stoa on the South slope, not unlike that of Attalos in the Agora below. [6] The wall consisted of two parapets built with large stone blocks and cemented with an earth mortar called emplekton (Greek: ἔμπλεκτον). [43], Site plan of the Acropolis at Athens showing the major archaeological remains, The Project began during 1975 and the goal of the restoration was to reverse the decay of centuries of attrition, pollution, destruction stemming from military use, and misguided past restorations. During subsequent years, the Acropolis was a site of bustling human activity with many Byzantine, Frankish, and Ottoman structures. The devastated site was cleared of debris. According to Pausanias, a wooden statue or xoanon of the goddess and a statue of Artemis made by Praxiteles during the 4th century BC were both in the sanctuary. Ancient citadel above the city of Athens, Greece, The Acropolis of Athens, seen from the Hill of the Muses, Articles and topics related to Acropolis of Athens. Homer is assumed to refer to this fortification when he mentions the "strong-built House of Erechtheus" (Odyssey 7.81). [24][25], During the same period, a combination of sacred precincts including the temples of Athena Polias, Poseidon, Erechtheus, Cecrops, Herse, Pandrosos and Aglauros, with its Kore Porch (Porch of the Maidens) or Caryatids' balcony was begun. At some time before the 13th century BC, an earthquake caused a fissure near the northeastern edge of the Acropolis. (Observe the dress code and bring your passport to enter). The Acropolis is a klippe consisting of two lithostratigraphic units, the Athens schist and the overlying Acropolis limestone. You can visit museums in the early evenings until 8:00pm or 9:00pm (excluding Mondays). Xoanon An ancient Greek idol, generally made of wood, that was supposedly gifted directly from the gods. Within the later tradition of Western Civilization and classical revival, the Acropolis, from at least the mid-18th century on, has often been invoked as a key symbol of the Greek legacy and of the glories of Classical Greece. It’s an impressive example of modern Athenian architecture. The goddess held a lance, the gilt tip of which could be seen as a reflection by crews on ships rounding Cape Sounion, and a giant shield on the left side, decorated by Mys with images of the fight between the Centaurs and the Lapiths. Bring a hat, sunglasses, a bottle of water -or two- and plenty of sunscreen to protect yourself from the blazing Athenian sun. Many of the hills in the Athens region were formed by the erosion of the same nappe as the Acropolis. Apart from the Hekatompedon mentioned later, Peisistratos also built an entry gate or propylaea. Students learn what causes acid rain, after which they take a virtual field trip to explore its effects on this important structure. The Acropolis of Athens is a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site (UNESCO, 1987), “[…] symbolizing the idea of world heritage” (UNESCO, 2006) The history of the Acropolis of Athens is long, with moments when democracy philosophy and art flourished, leading to its creation. [41], The entrance to the Acropolis was a monumental gateway termed the Propylaea. [27], Behind the Propylaea, Phidias' gigantic bronze statue of Athena Promachos ("Athena who fights in the front line"), built between 450 BC and 448 BC, dominated. All restoration was made using titanium dowels and is designed to be completely reversible, in case future experts decide to change things. Probably, the Hekatompedon was built where the Parthenon now stands. A combination of cutting-edge modern technology and extensive research and reinvention of ancient techniques were used. The north wing functioned as an art museum, which housed works from artists like Aglaophon. You don’t need to be an architecture geek though to marvel at, official website of the Ministry of Culture and Sports, Acropolis and Acropolis Museum tour inspired by Percy Jackson, Mythology tour of the Acropolis and the Acropolis Museum, Acropolis Delights: Acropolis & Athens Food Tour, Greek Breakfast Experience With Acropolis Tour, 7 Places in Greece to Live a Percy Jackson Adventure, Three Knights for the Acropolis; The hills of Athens, « Top 10 Most Important Archaeological Sites of Greece, 5 reasons to participate in a Greek folk dance lesson ». into the newly built northern curtain wall of the Acropolis, where they served as a prominent "war memorial" and can still be seen today. Comprised of several ancient structures, the site of the Acropolis of Athens is accessible via a €20 ticket (reduced to €10 during the off-season: November 1st to March 31st). Children up to 5 years old from countries both within or outside the European Union. Absorb jaw-dropping views of Athens from the acropolis… The Ancient Art Gallery Of Propylaea. During this time the votive offerings continued at the Acropolis and when the Athenians won a war against Boiotea and Chalcis they built a small temple of Athena Nikeright next to the Propylaia. During the festival, a procession (believed to be depicted on the Parthenon frieze) traveled through the city via the Panathenaic Way and culminated on the Acropolis. The original sediments were deposited in a river delta approximately 72 million years ago. Erosion of the limestone nappe led to the eventual detachment of the Acropolis, forming the present day feature. [33] Around the same time, on the North slope, in a cave next to the one dedicated to Pan since the classical period, a sanctuary was founded where the archons dedicated to Apollo on assuming office. In this lesson, students explore the Acropolis, a symbol of ancient Greek civilization and culture, located in Athens, to learn about the eroding effects of acid on marble. A new bulwark named after Odysseas Androutsos was built by the Greeks between 1822 and 1825 to protect the recently rediscovered Klepsydra spring which became the sole fresh water supply of the fortress. [17][18] After the Persian crisis had subsided, the Athenians incorporated many architectural parts of the unfinished temple (unfluted column drums, triglyphs, metopes, etc.) According to the Greek historian Herodotus, they “plundered the temple and burnt the whole o… the Persians invaded Athens. [36] During the Latin Duchy of Athens, the Acropolis functioned as the city's administrative center, with the Parthenon as its cathedral, and the Propylaea as part of the Ducal Palace. [19], After winning at Eurymedon during 468 BC, Cimon and Themistocles ordered the reconstruction of the southern and northern walls of the Acropolis. [37] A large tower was added, the "Frankopyrgos", demolished during the 19th century. The Acropolis’ monuments, having survived for almost twenty-five centuries through wars, explosions, bombardments, fires, earthquakes, sackings, interventions and alterations, have adapted to different uses and the civilizations, myths and religions that flourished in Greece through time. The Acropolis of Athens is an ancient citadel located on a rocky outcrop above the city of Athens and contains the remains of several ancient buildings of great architectural and historic significance, the most famous being the Parthenon.The word acropolis is from the Greek words ἄκρον (akron, "highest point, extremity") and πόλις (polis, "city"). To tell a story that is relevant and important to the Parthenon/the Acropolis, Athens, and Athena Content: Historians generally agree that this scene depicts the Pan-Athenaic Procession; people of Athens gathered in procession up to the Acropolis (highest and … While there is evidence that the hill was inhabited as far back as the fourth millennium BC, it was Pericles (c. 495–429 BC) in the fifth century BC who coordinated the construction of the site's most important present remains including the Parthenon, the Propylaea, the Erechtheion and the Temple of Athena Nike. The Athens schist is a soft reddish rock dating from the upper Cretaceous period. The monumental Propylaea gives access to the Parthenon (centre) and the Erechtheion (left side). For the first time in its long history the ancient Greek buildings that represent Athens’s Acropolis will be made completely accessible to disabled locals and tourists. Ascending to the Acropolis from both entrances involves some climbing but still the level is moderate. Where the Athens schist and the limestone meet there are springs and karstic caves. The structures that survive consist of the Propylaea, the gateway to the… Read More; propylaeum The buildings of the Acropolis suffered significant damage during the 1687 siege by the Venetians in the Morean War. Crete island, Address: 206, Syggrou Avenue, Athens, Email: , Phone: +302109567326 / +1 530 495 4340. The Erechtheion, ancient Greek temple at the Acropolis of Athens.It was dedicated to Poseidon and Athena. [7] The wall uses typical Mycenaean conventions in that it followed the natural contour of the terrain and its gate, which was towards the south, was arranged obliquely, with a parapet and tower overhanging the incomers' right-hand side, thus facilitating defense. A temple to Athena Polias, the tutelary deity of the city, was erected between 570–550 BC. Acropolis Hill in Athens contains one of the most recognizable monuments in the world – the Parthenon (not to be confused with the Pantheon in Rome).). Even the locals struggle up there. Just in front of it and to the left is the 27-foot-high pedestal for the thank offering to Agrippa, the victor of the Battle of Actium, who interceded for Athens, which had supported the loser, Mark Antony. [22] About the same time, south of the Propylaea, building started on the small Ionic Temple of Athena Nike in Pentelic marble with tetrastyle porches, preserving the essentials of Greek temple design. 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