?
GR0V Shell
GR0V shell
Linux www.koreapackagetour.com 2.6.32-042stab145.3 #1 SMP Thu Jun 11 14:05:04 MSK 2020 x86_64
a:5:{s:8:"template";s:7077:"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<title>{{ keyword }}</title>
<link href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Architects+Daughter%3A300%2C400%2C700%7CRaleway%3A300%2C400%2C700&subset=latin&ver=5.4" id="scribbles-fonts-css" media="all" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
<style rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">.has-drop-cap:not(:focus):first-letter{float:left;font-size:8.4em;line-height:.68;font-weight:100;margin:.05em .1em 0 0;text-transform:uppercase;font-style:normal}html{font-family:sans-serif;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}body{margin:0}footer,header,nav{display:block}a{background-color:transparent;-webkit-text-decoration-skip:objects}a:active,a:hover{outline-width:0}h1{font-size:2em;margin:.67em 0}::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:inherit;opacity:.54}::-webkit-file-upload-button{-webkit-appearance:button;font:inherit}body{-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}body{color:#252525;font-family:Raleway,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:20px;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.8}@media only screen and (max-width:40.063em){body{font-size:14.4px;font-size:.9rem}}h1{clear:both;margin-top:.2rem;margin-bottom:.8rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.4;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;color:#353535}h1{font-size:3rem}html{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}*,:after,:before{-webkit-box-sizing:inherit;-moz-box-sizing:inherit;box-sizing:inherit}body{background:#fff;word-wrap:break-word}ul{margin:0 0 1.5em 0}ul{list-style:disc}a{color:#54ccbe;text-decoration:none}a:visited{color:#54ccbe}a:active,a:focus,a:hover{color:rgba(84,204,190,.8)}a:active,a:focus,a:hover{outline:0}.main-navigation-container{background-color:#b5345f}.main-navigation{font-size:1rem;font-weight:500;display:none}@media only screen and (min-width:40.063em){.main-navigation{display:block;float:left}}.main-navigation ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding-left:0}.main-navigation ul a{color:#fff;display:block;padding:1.2em .75em;border-bottom:2px solid rgba(0,0,0,.05)}@media only screen and (min-width:40.063em){.main-navigation ul a{padding-top:1.5em;padding-bottom:1.5em;border-bottom:none}}@media only screen and (min-width:40.063em){.main-navigation li{position:relative;display:inline-block}.main-navigation a{text-decoration:none;padding:.25em .75em;color:#fff;text-transform:uppercase}.main-navigation a:hover,.main-navigation a:visited:hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.1);color:#fff}}.menu-toggle{display:inline-block;margin:0 auto;width:3.9rem;padding:.55rem;cursor:pointer;position:relative;z-index:9999;margin-top:10px;margin-left:10px}@media only screen and (min-width:40.063em){.menu-toggle{display:none}}.site-content:after,.site-content:before,.site-footer:after,.site-footer:before,.site-header:after,.site-header:before{content:"";display:table;table-layout:fixed}.site-content:after,.site-footer:after,.site-header:after{clear:both} .site-content{max-width:1100px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;margin-top:2em}.site-content:after{content:" ";display:block;clear:both}@media only screen and (max-width:61.063em){.site-content{margin-top:1.38889%}}.site-header{position:relative}.hero{-webkit-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;background-position:top center;background-repeat:no-repeat;z-index:0}.hero .hero-inner{max-width:1100px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding:5% 0}.hero .hero-inner:after{content:" ";display:block;clear:both}.site-header-wrapper{max-width:1100px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding:3% 0}.site-header-wrapper:after{content:" ";display:block;clear:both}.site-title-wrapper{width:47.22222%;float:left;margin-left:1.38889%;margin-right:1.38889%;position:relative;z-index:1}@media only screen and (max-width:40.063em){.site-title-wrapper{padding-left:.75rem;padding-right:.75rem}}@media only screen and (max-width:61.063em){.site-title-wrapper{width:97.22222%;float:left;margin-left:1.38889%;margin-right:1.38889%;text-align:center}}.site-title{margin-bottom:1rem;font-weight:400;font-size:3.25rem;line-height:1}.site-title a{color:#fca903}.site-title a:hover,.site-title a:visited:hover{color:rgba(252,169,3,.8)}body.custom-header-image .hero{text-shadow:1px 1px 30px rgba(0,0,0,.5)}.site-footer{clear:both;background-color:#3f3244}.site-info-wrapper{padding:1.5em 0;background-color:#fff;text-align:none}.site-info-wrapper .site-info{max-width:1100px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.site-info-wrapper .site-info:after{content:" ";display:block;clear:both}.site-info-wrapper .site-info-text{width:97.22222%;float:left;margin-left:1.38889%;margin-right:1.38889%;padding:3em 0 1em;text-align:center;font-size:75%;line-height:1.2}@media only screen and (max-width:40.063em){.site-info-wrapper{text-align:center}}@font-face{font-family:'Architects Daughter';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:local('Architects Daughter Regular'),local('ArchitectsDaughter-Regular'),url(http://fonts.gstatic.com/s/architectsdaughter/v10/KtkxAKiDZI_td1Lkx62xHZHDtgO_Y-bvTYlg5g.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:Raleway;font-style:normal;font-weight:300;src:local('Raleway Light'),local('Raleway-Light'),url(http://fonts.gstatic.com/s/raleway/v14/1Ptrg8zYS_SKggPNwIYqWqZPBQ.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:Raleway;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:local('Raleway'),local('Raleway-Regular'),url(http://fonts.gstatic.com/s/raleway/v14/1Ptug8zYS_SKggPNyC0ISg.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:Raleway;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:local('Raleway Bold'),local('Raleway-Bold'),url(http://fonts.gstatic.com/s/raleway/v14/1Ptrg8zYS_SKggPNwJYtWqZPBQ.ttf) format('truetype')}</style>
</head>
<body class="custom-header-image layout-two-column-default">
<div class="hfeed site" id="page">
<header class="site-header" id="masthead" role="banner">
<div class="site-header-wrapper">
<div class="site-title-wrapper">
<h1 class="site-title"><a href="#" rel="home">{{ keyword }}</a></h1>
</div>
<div class="hero">
<div class="hero-inner">
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="main-navigation-container">
<div class="menu-toggle" id="menu-toggle">
</div>
<nav class="main-navigation" id="site-navigation">
<div class="menu-primary-menu-container"><ul class="menu" id="menu-primary-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current_page_parent menu-item-166" id="menu-item-166"><a href="#">Blog</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-172" id="menu-item-172"><a href="#">About Us</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-171" id="menu-item-171"><a href="#">Contact</a></li>
</ul></div>
</nav>
</div>
<div class="site-content" id="content">
{{ text }}
<br>
{{ links }}
</div>
<footer class="site-footer" id="colophon">
<div class="site-footer-inner">
</div>
</footer>
<div class="site-info-wrapper">
<div class="site-info">
<div class="site-info-inner">
<div class="site-info-text">
{{ keyword }} 2021
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>";s:4:"text";s:18448:"Odds are the ratio of something happening to something not happening.In our scenario above, the odds are 4 to 6. (which is as you now know is 5.00 if you’re more used to using decimal odds). Say for example the odds are represented as 2.5, this would imply that for … odds = 7.0 versus 8.0 correspond to ps = .875 versus .890. An odds ratio is just the probability of an event (outcome). If the probability is between 0 and 0.5, the odds will be below 1.0. Referring to the four cells in Table 3.15, the odds ratio is calculated as People often (I think quite understandably) find odds, and consequently also an odds ratio, difficult to intuitively interpret. However, you must remember that betting sites rarely bet to 100%, so they, actually, think the chances of the selection winning are slightly less. It is calculated as: Relative risk = [A/(A+B)] / [C/(C+D)] This tutorial explains how to calculate odds ratios … For White chil-dren, the odds of parent employment are .75 / .25 = 3.00, colloquially “3 to 1” odds; for Black children, the odds are .50 / .50 = 1, colloquially “1 to 1” odds. You look at how the bookies have priced this match up and see that the bookies make Thiem the 1.80 favourite, while you can get 2.00 about Zverev winning. Odds: the ratio of the probability that an event will occur versus the probability that the event will not occur, or probability / (1-probability). An alternative is to calculate risk or probability ratios. We even cover football, basketball, ice hockey, American football, cricket, golf, tennis and have tipsters covering leagues such as NBA, NFL and American Football. The odds of an event occurring is calculated as the ratio of the probability of a property being present compared to the probability of it being absent; this is simply the number of times that the property is absent divided by the number of times it is absent. In multivariate analysis of a dichotomous outcome logistic regression is used and the coefficients, the betas, from a logistic regression give the odds ratio by raising e to the beta (exponentiating it on the natural logarithm scale). Therefore, if A is the probability of subjects affected and B is the probability of subjects not affected, then odds = A /B. Odds compare the probability of an outcome occurring with the probability of an outcome not occurring, so it’s P compared with 1 minus P. So in our hypertension example, we’d use the probability of having a heart attack - 0.09 - compared with the probability of not having a heart attack , 1 minus 0.09, or 0.91. A highly simplified example illustrates this: Suppose that 18 out of 20 patients (90 percent probability, odds of 9:1) in an experiment lost weight while using diet A, while 16 out of 20 (80 percent, odds of 4:1) lost weight using diet B. The Difference Between "Probability" and "Odds" If a race horse runs 100 races and wins 25 times and loses the other 75 times, the probability of winning is 25/100 = 0. If you use fractional odds, you’ll be familiar with odds such as 4/1. 1 - About The odds in favor of an event is the ratio of the probability that the event will happen to the probability that the event will not happen. If you place a bet of £20 at 4/1, you will get a total return of £100 (£80 winnings + £20 stake). The relative risk of losing weight by choosing diet A over diet B is 1.125, while the odds ratio is about 2.25. Decimal odds are much easier to use when converting odds to probability. Understanding probability will help you price-up matches, and you can then compare your probability calculations against the odds that are available at any betting sites you use. Figure-2: Odds as a fraction. The process of calculating probabilities from odds can be generalised by the following equation, where H is a certain hypothesis and O (H) are the odds in favour of that hypothesis (the ratio of the bet of winning vs losing): General relationship between probabilities an … Probabilitiesrange between 0 and 1. If you use decimal odds, you’ll be familiar with odds such as 5.00 (which is 4/1 if you’re more used to using fractional odds). 1 ÷ by (the decimal odds + 1) x 100 = probability They shouldn’t be because they’re actually interpreted differently. In the spades example, the odds of 1/3 is converted by taking 1/1+3 = 0.25 - and now we are back to probability. This is because bookmakers do not bet to 100%. For example, in logistic regression the odds ratio represents the constant effect of a predictor X, on the likelihood that one outcome will occur. Understanding probability and odds is one of the skills you need to find value selections in whatever sports you want to bet on. Odds of 1.80 = a probability of (1 ÷ 1.80 x 100) = 55.55% Probability= Odds/(1+Odds). The two metrics track each other, but are not equal. An event with a probability 75% has odds of 75 to 25. If the odds in favor of an event is known, the probability is just the odds divided by one plus the odds: i.e. A probability is always expressed as a number between 0 and 1. Horse racing probabilities can be even more complex. What is the difference between Probability and Odds? The odds are a way of representing probability, especially familiar for betting. The basic difference is that the odds ratio is a ratio of two odds (yep, it’s that obvious) whereas the relative risk is a ratio of two probabilities. If you don’t think you have the time or skill set to do it, don’t worry, there are many professional gamblers that are willing to share their advice and tips for an affordable monthly subscription. Copyright &© by the contributing authors. When gambling, odds are often the ratio of winnings to the stake and you also get your wager returned. This comparison will instantly highlight any value in the market. So, when you’re betting, remember that you are betting against the odds to begin with. The odds of success and the odds of failure are just reciprocals of one another, i.e.,1/4 = .25 and 1/.25 = 4. Using the formulas for odds, we can compute for the odds as 1/ (10,737,573 – 1) or 1/10,737,572. Let’s say that theprobability of success is .8, thus Then the probability of failure is The odds of success are defined as that is, the odds of success are 4 to 1. Your Ultimate Guide To Betting On Fixed Matches. Our tipsters take the hard work out of making money from gambling, and you can get the advice of any of our tipsters for an affordable monthly subscription. Odds can be helpful when we want to compare how much larger one probability is relative to another. Whereas, Probability is the ratio of something happening to everything that could happen.So in the case of our chess example, probability is 4 to 10 (as there were 10 games played in total). Pulling any other card you lose. This means that you’re getting 10% better odds about Zverev winning than you should be, and most professional gamblers would bet on Zverev in this situation. 1 ÷ 5.00 x 100 = 20%. compute e-function on the logit using exp() “de-logarithimize” (you’ll get odds then) convert odds to probability using this formula prob = odds / (1 + odds). Betting Gods is a tipster platform that is used by many professional tipsters, who provide tips for punters in countries all over the world. Examples in these materials are not to be interpreted as a promise or guarantee of earnings. This overround book as it is often referred to allows for market fluctuations due to demand and supply and helps bookmakers maximize profits. As the name implies, the odds ratio is a ratio of two odds. If you use decimal odds, you’ll be familiar with odds such as 5.00 (which is 4/1 if you’re more used to using fractional odds). We can simplify this to 3 to 1. The match is taking place on hard court, and you check out the past head-to-heads between the two players and discover that Zverev leads Thiem 3-2 on this playing surface. Our hypothetical tennis match between Thiem and Zverev highlights how you can use probability to find value. Let’s use a hypothetical tennis match between Dominic Thiem and Alexander Zverev as an example of how you can use probability to your advantage. The probability of rolling a 5 or 6 is the fraction of the number of events over total events or 2/ (2+4), which is 1/3, 0.33 or 33%. However, the head-to-heads suggest that Zverev has a 60% chance of winning, yet the bookmaker’s odds suggest he only has a 50% chance of winning. Odds of 2.00 = a probability of (1 ÷ 2.00 x 100) = 50.00%. Thus, an odds ratio of .75 translates into a failure rate of 15.8% in the treatment group relative to an assumed failure rate of 20% in the control group. You’ll notice that the probability of Thiem winning + the probability of Zverev winning does not add up to 100% using the bookmaker’s odds. There is no guarantee that you will earn any money using the techniques and ideas in these materials. But we don’t just expect you to take our word for it, and you can see how good they are for yourself by taking a trial of any of our tipsters for a short period. This means that a betting site that offers odds of 5.00 about a selection thinks it has a 20% chance of winning. The calculation for converting decimal odds into probability is as follows: 1 ÷ by the decimal odds x 100 = probability Luckily, bookmakers make errors when pricing up plenty of markets and its these errors that professional gamblers exploit. Professional gamblers make a living by disagreeing with the opinions of betting sites and bet the odds when they think those odds underestimate the probability of a selection winning. But how you arrive at these assumptions is up to you. Let’s begin with probability. The ratio … Ground, track, distance, jockeys, trainers, and draw are all factors that can change the probability of a horse winning a race. But it’s only slightly more complicated to convert fractional odds to probability. [8] e b = e [log(odds male /odds female)] = odds male /odds female = OR. Odds ratio = (A*D) / (B*C) The relative risk tells us the ratio of the probability of an event occurring in a treatment group to the probability of an event occurring in a control group. In the spades example, given that the probability of drawing a spade is 1/4, take 1/ (4-1) = 1:3 odds or odds = 0.33. Probabilities of 0 are the same as odds of 0. Odds Ratio (OR) is a measure of association between exposure and an outcome. How much you factor these criteria into your probability calculations is what will make the difference between you being a successful or unsuccessful gambler. In our particular example, e 1.694596 = 5.44 which implies that the odds of being admitted for males is 5.44 times that of females. Many of our tipsters provide tips for horse racing in the UK and Ireland. When a betting site offers odds about a selection, it is offering its subjective viewpoint about what it thinks is the probability of that selection winning. This translation of odds ratios into an easily understand metric is commonly used in meta-analyses of odds ratios. The problem is that probability and odds have different properties that give odds some advantages in statistics. The probability of the tennis match was based solely on head-to-heads, but you may want to consider other criteria. The risk or odds ratio is the risk or odds in the exposed group divided by the risk or odds in the control group. If odds are stated as an A to B chance of winning then the probability of winning is given as P W = A / (A + B) while the probability of losing is given as P L = B / (A + B). Odds should NOT be confused with Probabilities. The odds of failure would be This looks a little strange but it is really saying that the odds of failure are 1 to 4. The odds of success areodds(success) = p/(1-p) orp/q = .8/.2 = 4,that is, the odds of success are 4 to 1. So wagering 1 at 1:5 pays out 6 (5 + 1). To go from probability to odds, simply take the numerator/ (denominator-numerator). Therefore, the odds of rolling four on a dice are 1/5 or 20%. Instead, they create books that are bigger than 100%. An odds ratio (OR) is another measure of association that quantifies the relationship between an exposure with two categories and health outcome. This concept is often referred to as finding the value and, for most professional gamblers, their ability to find the value is the cornerstone on which their success is built. Probability and Odds by the ratio of the number of events (1) by the number of non-events (4) odds = 1/4 = 0.25 Odds ratio. While the idea of using probability to find the value in betting markets is a simple approach, it can take a lot of hard work to work out the correct probability. We also have a US horse racing expert and a greyhound expert. they reduce to our first presentation of odds as the number of events divided by the number of non-events. The key phrase here is constant effect. Next, we will add another variable to the equation so that we can compute and odds ratio. Probability is a branch of mathematics, which includes odds. If you place a bet of £20 at 5.00, you will get a total return of £100 (£80 winnings + £20 stake). Of course, probability applies to all sports, including football, golf, cricket, basketball, ice hockey, American football, and many more. This means that the event is three times more likely to occur than not occur. Gambling is very risky and careless gambling can result in the loss of substantial sums of money. If you’re not sure what tipster or tipsters you’d like to follow, sign up for the Betting Gods daily newsletter here and we’ll send you a few free tips every day to give you a sample of the betting styles and markets covered by the various tipsters and cappers. Instructions: This calculator computes the Odds Ratio (OR) for a 2x2 crosstabulation, which measures the ratio of the odds of exhibiting a condition (or disease) for those in an exposed group, versus the the odds of exhibiting the condition (or disease) for those in the non-exposed group. So it’s important to keep them separate and to be precise in the language you use. You’ll also need to consider current form, player motivations, and be an excellent judge of when players are improving or regressing. Using our decimal odds as an example: There are two main types of odds, decimal and fractional. In the worked example, the odds of lung cancer for smokers is calculated as 647/622=1.04, whilst the odds of lung cancer for non-smokers is 2/27=0.07. The odds ratio is a function of the cell probabilities, and conversely, the cell probabilities can be recovered given knowledge of the odds ratio and the marginal probabilities P(X = 1) = p11 + p10 and P(Y = 1) = p11 + p01. We aptly refer to odds as the ratio of success to failure because the odds favoring your winning the lottery is the number of success over the number of failures. If you place a bet of £20 at 5.00, you will get a total return of £100 (£80 winnings + £20 stake). In our other posts, we express odds or ratio of success to failure as x to y. Recovering the cell probabilities from the odds ratio and marginal probabilities. Converting Decimal Odds To Probability. The odds is the ratio of the probability that the event of interest occurs to the probability that it does not. This will give you full access to all their tips, as well as advice about staking plans and betting banks. Based solely on those figures, Zverev has a 3 in 5 chance of winning = 60% and Thiem has a 2 in 5 chance of winning = 40%. All material on this collaboration platform is the property of the contributing authors. For further information on responsible gambling, or if you think you may have a gambling problem, please visit GamCare or Gamble Aware, Betting Gods Malta Ltd, Level -4 The Quay, Portomaso Marina, STJ 4010, Malta Fractional odds are sometimes called British odds or traditional odds and are sometimes written as a fraction, such as 6/1, or expressed as a ratio, like six-to-one. Let’s begin with probability. What Does Under 2.5 Goals Mean In Football Betting? Using our decimal odds as an example: 1 ÷ (4 + 1) x 100 = 20%. Company No: C81743 VAT No: MT24497111, sign up for the Betting Gods daily newsletter here, Popular Casino Payment Methods In Scandinavia And Europe, Top Sports Betting Sites That Accept PayPal. In the clinical trial example, the risk (read probability) ratio is simply the For example, the odds that a single throw of a die will produce a six are 1 to 5, or 1/5. Odds on the other hand are expressed as the likelihood of an event occurring divided by the likelihood of it not occurring. Topic revision: r18 - 02 Jun 2009 - 12:25:31 -. Taking the ratio of two odds (i.e., dividing one by the other) gives the OR. Let’s say that theprobability of success is .8, thusp = .8Then the probability of failure isq = 1 – p = .2Odds are determined from probabilities and range between 0 and infinity.Odds are defined as the ratio of the probability of success and the probabilityof failure. For example, you win a game if you pull an ace out of a full deck of 52 cards. which means the the exponentiated value of the coefficient b results in the odds ratio for gender. A risk or odds ratio = 1 indicates no difference between the groups. Using our tennis match between Thiem and Zverev, you can see that head-to-heads suggest Thiem only has a 40% chance of winning, yet the bookmaker’s odds suggest he has a 55% chance of winning. Just as relative risk assesses how one probability measures up to another, the odds ratio assesses how one odds measures up to another. the number of events divided by the number of subjects (, that fraction divided by the number of non-events divided by the number of subjects (. • Probability is expressed as a number between 0 and 1, while Odds is expressed as a ratio. A risk or odds ratio > 1 indicates a heightened probability of the outcome in the treatment group. As you can see, this slight adjustment in the calculation allows you to easily covert both fractional odds and decimal odds into probabilities. For example, if you are normally on call 2 out of 7 days in a week, then the odds of you being on call on a certain day of the week is [(2/7)/(5/7)] = 0.40. The OR represents the odds that an outcome will occur given a particular exposure, compared to the odds of the outcome occurring in the absence of that … ";s:7:"keyword";s:25:"odds ratio to probability";s:5:"links";s:690:"<a href="http://happytokorea.net/yb6gh/f7b532-osx-numbers-vertical-text">Osx Numbers Vertical Text</a>,
<a href="http://happytokorea.net/yb6gh/f7b532-native-american-new-mexico-ancestry">Native American New Mexico Ancestry</a>,
<a href="http://happytokorea.net/yb6gh/f7b532-malibu-og-strain">Malibu Og Strain</a>,
<a href="http://happytokorea.net/yb6gh/f7b532-best-gifts-for-lucky-animal-crossing%3A-new-horizons">Best Gifts For Lucky Animal Crossing: New Horizons</a>,
<a href="http://happytokorea.net/yb6gh/f7b532-yoruba-boy-names-starting-with-k">Yoruba Boy Names Starting With K</a>,
<a href="http://happytokorea.net/yb6gh/f7b532-optical-illusion-drawing">Optical Illusion Drawing</a>,
";s:7:"expired";i:-1;}
T1KUS90T