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states—dominate the four secession documents. During the Constitutional Convention of 1787, several steps were taken in order to assuage the concerns of the slaveholding states and to ensure ratification of the Constitution. Furthermore, the South Carolina delegates allude to their interpretation of the 10th Amendment, which says that powers that the Constitution does not specifically delegate to the federal government are reserved for the states and the people. The Texas Declaration offers the most explicit illustration of the racism prevalent throughout the antebellum South. In essence, the Southern argument was that territorial and Northern state governments were constitutionally bound to honor the laws of Southern states, thus enabling an individual to own and enslave people. Likewise, it criticizes the Missouri Compromise, passed in 1820, for allowing the admission into the Union of Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, thereby maintaining the Senate's equilibrium between slave and free states. The seceding delegations took umbrage at Northern attempts, going back as far as the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, to prohibit slavery in new territories and, thus, to prevent the addition of new slave states. One deputy was killed and several people were injured in the melee. On December 20, 1860, South Carolina voted unanimously to repeal its … Indicator 3.4-4 Outline the course of the Civil War and South Carolina’s role in significant events, including the Secession Convention, the firing on Fort Sumter, the Union blockade of Charleston, and Sherman’s march through South Carolina. <https://www.coursehero.com/lit/The-Declaration-of-Causes-of-Seceding-States/>. The Georgia declaration in particular paints the events in Kansas, Boston, and Harpers Ferry as constituting a civil war in all but name. Following South Carolina's example, these documents detailed grievances against the federal government and Northern states over the issue of slavery and provided rhetorical fodder for proponents of secession in other states. However, population growth in the North consistently outpaced the South, and the balance of power in the House of Representatives began to tilt to the North. On December 20, 1860, its delegates passed an ordinance of secession. They make clear that the preservation of slavery was the South's primary rationale for secession, and they offer the 21st-century reader a glimpse into the 19th-century Southern mindset regarding race, slavery, and the nature of the U.S. Constitution. The Georgia document, with some alarm, refers to an 1854 incident in Boston in which an armed, angry mob of both black and white abolitionists stormed the local courthouse in an effort to free a fugitive from slavery, Anthony Burns. Let us first discuss the summary of the South Carolina Declaration of Secession. Along with the Ordinance of Secession, these key documents helped South Carolina convince her sister states in the Deep South to join in secession. The people of the State of South Carolina, in Convention assembled, on the 26th day of The delegations leading the way on secession believed that the election of Lincoln coupled with the Republican majority in the House of Representatives was slavery's death knell. The Three-Fifths Compromise gave Southern states a weighted proportion of representatives in Congress and the Electoral College for most of the early 19th century. As the Texas Declaration notes, slave states were on the verge of becoming a permanent minority in the U.S. Congress. Such an outcome meant that a permanent antislavery majority in the federal government would have been inevitable. The South Carolina Declaration begins by pointing out that the Declaration of Independence asserted that the 13 colonies were "free and independent states" and possessed the powers of sovereign nations. In each case, the delegation emphasizes the use of the plural: "states. On 24 December 1860, the officials (Christopher G. Memminger, F. H. Wardlaw, R. W. Barnwell, J. P. Richardson, B. H. Rutledge, J. E. Jenkins, and P. E. Duncan) of South Carolina began adopted the Declaration of Immediate Causes; and this was soon signed and executed by the officials in the State of South Carolina . Responding to Southern agitation, Congress had passed fugitive slavery laws in 1793 and 1850. With the law of compact broken, South Carolina was able to justify its succession from the Union. I need assistance with a summary on the South Carolina Declaration of Secession pre-war document as well as listing the reasons given to justify the secession and if the South was justified in leaving the Union. > Calhoun's doctrine > Union not … This content was COPIED from BrainMass.com - View the original, and get the already-completed solution here! The Mississippi document declare that the state was "thoroughly identified with the institution of slavery." Within weeks of Lincoln's election, South Carolina held a statewide convention. The Mississippi document rails against Northern abolitionists' efforts to grant African Americans equality both "socially and politically," which the Texas document also decries as "debasing" and against natural and "Divine Law." Mississippi claimed that ending slavery would "destroy" the South's social fabric. In its Declaration of Secession, South Carolina uses the Declaration of Independence to establish: O a) that South Carolina is an independent state, which is therefore free to secede from the Union if it so chooses Ob) that South Carolina is an independent state, which can secede if other states ignore the ends for which the Constitution was adopted that South Carolina is an independent … (2019, August 16). On December 20, 1860, its delegates passed an ordinance of secession. Web. It argues not only that African Americans are "inferior," but also that they are "dependent" on their white overseers. DECLARATION OF THE IMMEDIATE CAUSES WHICH INDUCE AND JUSTIFY THE SECESSION OF SOUTH CAROLINA FROM THE FEDERAL UNION. South Carolina These were the states of the Cotton Kingdom, where slaves represented a larger part of the total population than in the Upper South. Not to be outdone, Northern abolitionists also sponsored and encouraged migration of like-minded settlers into Kansas. (An ordinance is a legislative decree or declaration.) From that point on, political tensions over the issue of slavery increasingly led to violence. The 1860 election highlighted the stark regional division created by the slavery debate. ", Delegates also paint the United States as a voluntary compact between the states that allowed individual states to end their participation if the federal government fails to hold up its obligations. By December 17th, the delegates had gathered, and amid a carnival atmosphere on the 20th, with a vote of 169 to none, proclaimed that "the union now subsisting between South Carolina and other States, under the name of 'The United … Course Hero. For instance, with the recent addition of Minnesota (1858) and Oregon (1859) to the Union, the United States had 38 senators representing free states and 30 representing slave states. These documents also make it clear that the preservation of slavery and the Northern states' disapproval of slavery was the primary reason for the Southern states' decision to secede from the Union. "The Declaration of Causes of Seceding States Study Guide." The Southern delegates argued that the Northern states were engaged in a systematic attack on the economic and cultural foundations of the South's way of life, which was built on the labor of enslaved people. As the US acquired new territories in the west, bitter debates erupted over whether or not slavery would be permitted in tho… Pro-secessionists found philosophical justification for altering or abolishing a government and instituting a new one in the Declaration of Independence.More specifically, those who held that the Union was simply a compact among the states argued … Often cited was Ephesians 6:5: "Servants, be obedient to them that are your masters according to the flesh, with fear and trembling, in singleness of your heart, as unto Christ." 16 Aug. 2019. South Carolina Ordinance of Secession (1860) In the three months that followed Abraham Lincoln’s election as president in November 1860, seven states stretching from South Carolina to Texas seceded from the Union. Study guide and teaching aid for the South Carolina Declaration of Causes of Secession featuring document text, summary, and expert commentary. I need assistance with a summary on the South Carolina Declaration of Secession pre-war document as well as listing the reasons given to justify the secession and if the South was justified in leaving the Union. The South Carolina attorney general couriered copies of the document to the other slave states that were also debating secession. South Carolina’s 1860 Declaration of Secession: What Has Changed? Standard 4-6: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the Civil War and its impact on America. We, the people of the State of North Carolina in convention assembled, do declare and ordain, and it is hereby declared and ordained, That the ordinance adopted by the State of North Carolina in the convention of 1789, whereby the Constitution of the United States was ratified and adopted, and also all acts and parts of acts of the General Assembly ratifying and … (Solution): South Carolina Declaration of Secession. States that left the Union created documents explaining why they did so. In the South, Brown's raid and his mission to spark a widespread insurrection of enslaved people appeared nothing short of a Northern invasion. Within days of Lincoln's election, South Carolina met to discuss secession. The articles, however, also state that the Union was to be permanent. Start > Bürgerkrieg und Reconstruction > South Carolina Declaration of Causes of Secession, 1860: South Carolina Declaration of Causes of Secession, December 24, 1860: Nachdem Abraham Lincoln 1860 zum Präsidenten gewählt wurde, gab der Staat South Carolina seinen Austritt aus der Union bekannt und erklärte, dass dies notwendig geworden wäre, nachdem … The events around the secession of South Carolina were presented in the January 5, 1861 edition of Harper's Weekly. As the first of the states to attempt to secede from the Union, the South Carolina delegation took it upon itself to lay out a detailed legal framework for secession. Brown escaped prosecution and, in 1859, launched an even more deadly raid on the federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia (present-day West Virginia). May & J.R. Faunt, "South Carolina Secedes" (U. of S. Car. Reading the documents from today's perspective, one may be struck by the almost personal terms in which the Southern delegations talk about their fellow citizens from the North. Course Hero, "The Declaration of Causes of Seceding States Study Guide," August 16, 2019, accessed February 18, 2021, https://www.coursehero.com/lit/The-Declaration-of-Causes-of-Seceding-States/. The document provided a clear reason per the Constitution of the United States as to why South Carolina had a right to establish themselves as a separate state outside of the Union. Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union The people of the State of South Carolina, in Convention assembled, on the 26th day of April, A.D., 1852, declared that the frequent violations of the Constitution of the United States, by the Federal Government, and its encroachments upon the reserved rights of the States, fully justified this State in then withdrawing from the Federal Union; but in deference to th… Each document takes pains to categorize enslaved African Americans not as humans with inalienable rights and inherent personal dignity, but as property to be owned, traded, and sold. I am having a hard time finding a good source to include with this. Such a view fails to acknowledge that African Americans colonized Jamestown, fought in the American Revolution, and invested untold hours of unpaid labor into the construction and development of the nation, thereby enabling the creation of tremendous wealth, prosperity, and security. As the Georgia Declaration illustrates, this incident, just one of many such events, stirred passions in both the North and the South. This document articulates a legal and moral rationale for South Carolina's decision to secede. As the South Carolina delegation notes, the issue of slavery threatened to divide the fledgling United States at each step of its early development. Furthermore, the delegates argued that the prohibition of slavery in the western territories actually deprived Southern slave owners of their rights to travel freely with their "property." Download a PDF to print or study offline. As the Georgia declaration notes, none other than Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826) had written that the geographical dividing line separating slave and free territory was both unconstitutional and an "act of suicide" by the government. The South Carolina document looks to the legal authority of the Articles of Confederation, an early version of the Constitution, which classified the states as sovereign entities. The bloodshed and killings escalated in what became known as "Bleeding Kansas." I also included a very good source that does a great job explaining this (and the other states?) For South Carolina and the other seceding states, the key to their legal rationale was that the United States is a collection of sovereign states, as opposed to a unified country in which sovereignty resides with a centralized government. Copyright © 2016. Appeals based on the Bible were common in proslavery argumentation. In Kansas, proslavery factions from Missouri began to pour over the border in an effort to tilt the population of Kansas toward slavery. South Carolina's Declaration of the Causes of Secession (1860) My Reaction Interesting that Christopher Memminger was born in Germany and traveled all the way to America; having a very large impact on the history of the United States Surprised by the death of both of his parents The Declaration of Causes of Seceding States |. Most importantly, the Constitution supersedes the Articles of Confederation as the "supreme law of the land.". Declaration of Independence (1776) by listing a series of grievances against the federal government and Northern states over the issue of slavery. The delegation also notes that the treaty with the United Kingdom that officially ended the Revolutionary War acknowledged that the 13 colonies were "free sovereign and independent states." The delegates cited Article 4 to argue that federal prohibitions against slavery in the western territories were unconstitutional because such prohibitions deprived a slaveholder of the same ability to live and travel in these territories as enjoyed by those who did not travel with enslaved people. The Declaration of Causes evince deep-seated racial prejudice and animosity toward African Americans, as well as demonstrating belief in white supremacy—the idea that those of white European descent are superior. The Declaration of Causes of Seceding States ... South Carolina organized a convention dealing with the issue of secession and on December 20, 1860 issued the brief Ordinance of Secessionand became the first state to leave the Union. In the eyes of Southern delegations, these actions by their Northern counterparts coupled with the Northern decision to vote for Lincoln and the Republican Party had made reconciliation impossible. The Declaration of Causes goes beyond charges against the federal or respective state governments. Each of the four state delegations make clear that the ascendancy of the newly formed and antislavery Republican Party culminating in the 1860 election of Abraham Lincoln as president was the event that led them to break from the Union. The election of Abraham Lincoln (1809–65) as 16th president of the United States was the catalyst that led slaveholding states throughout the South to secede from the Union, thus precipitating the Civil War (1861–65). Appeals to religion would, in part, have been used to convince those white people without the wealth to be slave owners to support the institution anyway, despite slavery's inability improve their fortunes. Issues included States Rights and disagreements over tariffs but the greatest divide was on the issue of slavery, which was legal in the South but had gradually been banned by states north of the Mason-Dixon line. Each of the secession documents charges the federal government with failing to live up to its obligations, under Article 4, to ensure the return of enslaved fugitives, and they accuse Northern states with repeated and systematic efforts to undermine these fugitive slavery laws. An Ordinance of Secession was the name given to multiple resolutions drafted and ratified in 1860 and 1861, at the beginning of the Civil War, by which each seceding Southern state or territory formally declared secession from the United States of America. We, therefore, the people of South Carolina, by our delegates in Convention assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, have solemnly declared that the Union heretofore existing between this state and the other states of North America, is dissolved, and that the state of South Carolina has resumed her position among the nations of the … Course Hero. The delegates—all of whom were landowning white men—also penned the accompanying "Declaration of Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union." The Southern delegations portray themselves as aggrieved people left with no other choice but to secede from the Union. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Course Hero. The final section concludes with a statement that South Carolina had therefore seceded from the United States.No, they were not likely all the reasons for SC’s secession, but they read well.While later claims have been made that the decision to secede was prompted by other issues such as tariffs, these issues were not mentioned in the declaration.The primary focus of the declaration … (An ordinance is a legislative decree or declaration.) To the delegates, the 10th Amendment "removes all doubt" that the seceding states have a solid legal case for secession. The Republican Party, based in the more populous North, had already secured the majority of the House of Representatives, which bases its allotment of seats on population. Lincoln admitted as much during his celebrated debates with Stephen Douglas while campaigning for the Illinois Senate in 1858. South Carolina Declaration of Causes of Secession December 24, 1860 Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union. Congress passed the 13th Amendment to the Constitution in 1865, abolishing slavery and effectively annulling Article 4 as well as the so-called Three-Fifths Compromise. This fact is especially notable considering that while Lincoln did oppose the expansion of slavery into the western territories, he also argued that a president did not have the right to interfere where it currently existed. While not acknowledging violence on the proslavery side, the Texas declaration in particular describes the activities in Kansas as yet another example of the federal government permitting Northern agitators to terrorize proslavery Southerners. "The Declaration of Causes of Seceding States Study Guide." Announces secession, stating " ... the union now subsisting between South Carolina and other States, under the name of 'The United States of America,' is hereby dissolved." Georgia, Mississippi, and Texas had generated similar secession ordinances by early 1861. [South Carolina secession ordinance] | | Printed by Evans and Cogswell. This will also help you when you create your response. The status of potential states formed from the Louisiana Purchase (1803) and the Mexican-American War (1846–48) became, therefore, critical to slavery's future in the United States. Lincoln’s election, which is often sited in posts on this site as the true cause of the war, is 2%-4% of the reasons given for secession. Course Hero. With the exception of South Carolina which pitched its declaration toward encouraging other states to secede, all other causes combined range from 7% to 21% of the reasons given for secession. In 1856 proslavery forces sacked the free-state bastion of Lawrence, Kansas. I couldn't find a good source for that either. They were not wrong. President Franklin Pierce dispatched U.S. Marines to Boston. Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union South Carolina was the first state to secede from the Union in December 1860. Before the Civil War, the country was dividing between North and South. Accessed February 18, 2021. https://www.coursehero.com/lit/The-Declaration-of-Causes-of-Seceding-States/. The Declaration of Causes of Seceding States Study Guide. Finally, the Texas document attempts to strip African Americans of their historical role in the founding and developing the United States. The delegations complain that abolitionist societies had become increasingly effective in luring enslaved people north. I am having a. The election of Abraham Lincoln (1809–65) as 16th president of the United States was the catalyst that led slaveholding states throughout the South to secede from the Union, thus precipitating the Civil War (1861–65). Question 1 In its Declaration of Secession, South Carolina uses the Declaration of Independence to establish: Question 1 options: a) that South Carolina is an independent state, which can secede if other states ignore the ends for which the Constitution was adopted b) that South Carolina was an independent state before it adopted the Constitution, and can […] Ultimately, 11 states would secede from the Union, and the resulting Civil War led to the eradication of slavery in the United States. Upload them to earn free Course Hero access! This document explained why the state of South Carolina seceded from the Union. South Carolina was the first state to secede from the Union in December 1860, and was one of the founding member states of the Confederacy in February 1861. 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